The Adventures of Young James Brooke (Part 2)

I recently ordered (from an antique books store in Australia) a book that included the letters of Rajah James Brooke to his lady friend Miss (later Baroness) Angela Burdett-Coutts. It chronicles the most interesting relationship between Rajah Brooke with this lady, who actually gave significant sums of her own money in support of Rajah Brooke's cause in Sarawak. One would think we should have at least a road in Kuching named after her.

This book will obviously take pride of place in my Sarawak history book collection. In this posting, let me share some photos with you ...

Note the book sitting on my traditional native tablecloth

A close up of the book spine

Title pages of the book

One of the Contents pages

Part of the Introduction chapter

A part of the history e never learnt in school ... which explains much about

why Rajah James Brooke never got married

Hope you enjoyed reading about this little piece of our Sarawak history ...

James Brooke in the News

Here's an article in yesterday's New Straits Times on the Italian perspective of James Brooke.

As it may be difficult to read from the photo, here's the full text ...

Brooke was seen as a tyrant

KUCHING: To the Italians, Sarawak is beautiful, mysterious and romantic with colonial tyrants hunting down pirates.

And to them, "Sandokan The Pirate" is the hero, while the tyrannical colonial master is Sarawak's first white Rajah, James Brooke.

These were the impressions they grew up with of Sarawak based on Italian action adventure writer Emilio Salgari's famous Sandokan series, Le Tigri De Mompracem or The Tiger of Malaysia.

In that book, Salgari depicted Sandokan, a Bornean prince turned pirate, waging war against Brooke.
 

"To us Italians, we know that these books are fiction. But little did we know that James Brooke did exist and was the first white Rajah in Sarawak," said Italian writer Valerio Zecchini in an interview.

Zecchini, who first came to Sarawak seven years ago, had the same mindset until he saw the place for himself.

"Only after being here did I realise that our perception of Brooke was wrong.

"He was never a colonial tyrant, but a brilliant adventurer who made Sarawak his own private kingdom by working with the locals.

"Sarawak was never like any western colony where the locals were treated differently by the masters, like in India.

"The story of Sarawak is very much unique as it was never colonised like we thought."

Italian historians are studying the link between Sarawak and Italy during the Brooke era.

One of the first links between the two governments was documented by Italian botanist Odoardo Beccari, who met the first Brooke during his stint at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in London.

It led to him spending several months in Sarawak and he saw the way Brooke ruled the kingdom.

"Based on studies by historians, Salgari never set foot in Sarawak but, he may have met Charles Brooke's wife, (Margaret Alice Lili de Windt) during her stay in Genova," said Zecchini.

In 1847, a Commission of Inquiry was set up in London over an alleged massacre of 800 Ibans during James Brooke's fight against piracy and headhunting.

"During that time, London offered a reward for every pirate's head.

"So with the sudden rise in claims for rewards at the time, the government then became suspicious of him.

"It was the main news in Europe then, and this may have been the reason behind Salgari's depiction of Brooke in his book."

With more interest in Italy on Brooke's life, an Italian film crew will do a documentary in the state in October on the real story behind Brooke's rule then and the development of the state after that era.

Additional Notes

Here is a cover of the book mentioned.


The New Sraits Times website is as www.nst.com.my .

Adventures of Young James Brooke (Part 1)

Most of us know the story of Sarawak under the Brooke family. Even those who didn't pay much attention in class back then would vaguely remember being told that it all started in August 1839. That was when the English adventurer James Brooke sailed up the Sarawak River and first sighted the rows of attap houses that make up the city we now call Kuching. The rest, as they say, is history.

Well, I have often wondered about the story of James Brooke BEFORE that time ... What was he like as a child? Where did he live? What were his parents like? What kind of early education did he receive? What about his social life? Any girlfriends or boyfriends? What about the time he spent in India and England and Burma (where he fought and was wounded) and other parts he spent time in before he came to Sarawak?

I'm talking about the story before the story we all knew. In Hollywood terms, I believe it's known as a prequel. They did it for Indiana Jones, Luke Skywalker, Sherlock Holmes, Bruce Lee  ... so why not Mr Brooke? 

So I have started a bit of research on this, and over a series of postings I'd like to share what I have found so far. I'll also need your help. I welcome any new information you have come across on this theme, so that together we may piece together what could be a most interesting story.

Anyway let's begin ...

Childhood in India

James Brooke was born on 29 April 1803 in Secrore, a suburb of Benares in India. He was the second son of English judge (of the High Court of India) Thomas Brooke, and Anna Maria Stuart, who was born in Hertfordshire. She was the illegitimate daughter of Scottish peer Colonel William Stuart, 9th Lord Blantyre, and his mistress Harriott Teasdale.

James Brooke lived in India for the first 12 years of his life. I am still looking for details of his childhood life here, which I reckon would be pretty comfortable given his father's status. I will try to delve into this in more detail in future posting.

Anyway at age 12, he was sent back to attend school in England. 


James Brooke in School

So it was around 1815 that James Brooke started school at Norwich Grammar School (see map above to locate Norwich).  The school is a very old one and still there, apparently doing quite well. 

This is the school crest. You can find out more about Norwich School by clicking on HERE or THERE..

The school boasts some fine architecture. Below you see the school chapel, which I believe was already there during James Brooke's time.

Norwich School Chapel

Norwich Grammar School is closely associated with Norwich Cathedral

(original construction of which began in 1096, was completed in 1145,

and the final stone spire was erected in 1480)

At the time the headmaster was Mr. Edward Valpy (a brother of the famous Dr. Valpy of Reading).  During Brooke's school days Dr. Samuel Parr, who at one time had been the headmaster, was a frequent visitor at the school.

Among James Brooke's schoolmates was Sir Archdale Wilson, the captor of Delhi in 1857 (link to this SITE for something on their combradeship), and George Borrow, English author of novels and travelogues.

James Brooke was a boy of marked generosity, truthfulness, and courage. Apparently on one occasion he saved the life of a school-fellow who had fallen into the river Wensum.

However the young James Brooke obviously didn't like school much. He ended his school life somewhat abruptly by running away.

I can't find any records of exactly how long he stayed at Norwich School but it seems that he did not stay long - perhaps 2 years at most. We do know that at age sixteen, he was appointed a cadet of infantry in Bengal. It is also mentioed in some writings that he was tutored at home in Bath (see later) for a while after he left school.

May I urge any Josephians in the UK who are interested in Sarawak history to consider a visit to Norwich School to dig up more information from their records, and perhaps supply us with nice photos too.

After Norwich Grammar School, records show that James also attended HEIC Military School, Addiscombe, Surry. This was probably the preparatory training required for his intended military career.

James Brooke the Soldier

Brooke joined the army in India on 5 May 1819, as an Ensign to the 2/6th BNI. He transferred to the 18th BNI in 1824, was promoted to Lieutenant in the 6th BNI on 25 August 1821, and to Assistant Commissary-Gen on 1 May 1822.

On the outbreak of the First Burma War (1824-1826), he formed and drilled a body of native volunteer cavalry, which he commanded in a battle at Rangpur in Assam. Unfortunately on that occasion, he was wounded - most documents record the wound was in the lungs, but a few papers mention that a bullet hit him in the private parts (which may explain why he never married). In any case, this incident led to his being invalided home with a wound pension of 70 Sterling Pounds a year. At some point in his military years, he was also awarded the India Medal.

Apparently James Brooke was "struck off" on 13 Dec 1827 (not sure what this term means, but I reckon it suggests he was no longer fit for duty).

After an absence of upwards of four years he returned to India. It was an unsually long voyage, and he was unable to reach Bengal within the prescribed period of five years. He decided to resign from the East India Company's service in 1830, returning to England in the ship in which he had gone out, and visiting, in the course of his voyage, the Straits settlements of Penang, Malacca, and Singapore, China, and Sumatra. During this voyage he seems to have formed the projects which determined his subsequent career.

This is an intriguing period in young James Brooke's life that warrants further research, so I will probably return to it in a future posting.

Widcombe Crescent, Bath

Returning to Bath, where his family resided at No.1 Widcombe Crescent, in the latter part of 1831, James remained in England until 1834

Widcombe Crescent in Bath, Somerset, England is a terrace of fourteen Georgian houses built in 1808 by Thomas Baldwin, and designated a Grade I listed building. 

No. 1 Widcombe Crescent, Bath

We know that in 1834, James Brooke purchased a small brig, and made a voyage to China. I am in search of material on his travels in China, but so far have not been able to find much.

In 1834, his mother Anna Maria died (aged 61), and in the following year his father Thomas Brooke also died (aged 75). James Brooke inherited a fortune of 30,000 Pounds Sterling, purchased a schooner of 142 tons, in which, after a trip to the Mediterranean, he sailed on 16 Dec. 1838 for Borneo.